{"id":7705,"date":"2026-03-04T03:57:11","date_gmt":"2026-03-04T03:57:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/?p=7705"},"modified":"2026-03-04T03:57:13","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T03:57:13","slug":"fr4-dielectric-constant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ar\/fr4-dielectric-constant\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0634\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 FR4"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f FR4 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644 FR4 (Dk)<\/strong> \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644 FR4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a
\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a FR4<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 FR4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

FR4 <\/a>\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 NEMA<\/a>. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645, \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a<\/strong> \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 4<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 NEMA. \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 FR4 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 FR4 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644 FR4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644 FR4 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 4.2 - 4.8<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a FR4<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
1 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/td>4.5<\/td><\/tr>
100 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/td>4.4<\/td><\/tr>
1 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/td>4.2 - 4.5<\/td><\/tr>
10 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/td>4.0 - 4.3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (Dk) \u0644 FR4 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 4.4<\/strong> \u0643\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644 FR4 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644 FR4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a FR4 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f (Df)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f (Df) \u0644 FR4 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.017-0.025<\/strong>. \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 FR4 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644 FR4 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\/\u0645\u0644\u0645<\/strong>\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 FR4 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 FR4 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644 FR4 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 FR4 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 FR4 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a (Tg)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0644 FR4 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u0648\u0639 FR4<\/th>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 Tg<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 FR4<\/td>130\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr>
\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 Tg Tg FR4<\/td>150\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 Tg \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a FR4<\/td>170\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644 FR4 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a Tg \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (CTE)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (CTE) \u0644 FR4 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 X\/Y \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 11-15 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\/\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 Z \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 50-70 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\/\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 CTE \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a CTE \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 FR4 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f. \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 300-400 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 400 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/strong>\u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 1.85 \u062c\u0645\/\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628<\/strong>. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0644 FR4 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0648\u0631 FR4 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644 FR4 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 (PCB)\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a (EMI)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628 FR4 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FR4 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (Dk)\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 (H)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 (W)\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 (T)<\/strong>. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V = C \/ \u221aDk<\/kbd><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062d\u064a\u062b C<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621. \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644 FR4 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 4.4<\/strong>\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 FR4 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 50% \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621<\/strong>. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Altium Designer \u0623\u0648 Cadence \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a Dk \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"FR4<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 FR4 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 FR4. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
FR4<\/td>4.2-4.8<\/td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td><\/tr>
\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0632<\/td>3.2-3.5<\/td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
PTFE<\/td>2.1<\/td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td>\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
\u0645\u064a\u062c\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/td>3.3<\/td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td>\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0632 <\/a>\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 3.2-3.5<\/strong> \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 FR4\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PTFE (\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

PTFE <\/a>(\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0646) \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2.1 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f PTFE \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/strong>\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062f<\/a> \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/strong>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 (FPC)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062f FR4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 (\u0645\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\/\u0646\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0648)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0644\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0627<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/strong>\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/strong>. \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 PCIe \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0640 FR4 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f FR4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f FR4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 FR4 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/a><\/strong>\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 FR4 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 FR4 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/strong>. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FR4 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong>. \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 FR4 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 FR4 PCB \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632
\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 FR4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631, \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/strong> \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645. HASL (\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646)<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ENIG (\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a)<\/strong> \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631<\/strong>\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OSP (\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643, \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 FR4. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f FR4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0623\u0646 FR4 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/strong>\u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 FR4 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647 FR4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 FR4 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 PLC\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/strong>. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644 FR4 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 FR4 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631<\/strong>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 FR4 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631<\/strong>\u062a\u0638\u0644 FR4 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f FR4 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 4.2-4.8<\/strong>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0644 FR4 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 fr4 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/a> \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

FR4 is one of the most widely used PCB substrate materials due to its good mechanical strength, stable electrical performance, and low cost. In PCB design, the FR4 dielectric constant (Dk) is a key factor affecting signal propagation, impedance control, and signal integrity. This article explains the structure, electrical properties, applications, and alternative materials of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5394,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7705","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7705","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7705"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7705\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7708,"href":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7705\/revisions\/7708"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5394"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7705"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7705"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7705"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}