{"id":7705,"date":"2026-03-04T03:57:11","date_gmt":"2026-03-04T03:57:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/?p=7705"},"modified":"2026-03-04T03:57:13","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T03:57:13","slug":"fr4-dielectric-constant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ja\/fr4-dielectric-constant\/","title":{"rendered":"FR4\u8a98\u96fb\u7387\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6750\u6599\u7279\u6027\u306e\u8a73\u7d30\u8aac\u660e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>FR4\u306f\u3001\u826f\u597d\u306a\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u3001\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u96fb\u6c17\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4f4e\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6700\u3082\u5e83\u304f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308bPCB\u57fa\u677f\u6750\u6599\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002PCB\u8a2d\u8a08\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066 <strong>FR4\u8a98\u96fb\u7387\uff08Dk\uff09<\/strong> \u306f\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f1d\u642c\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30d4\u30fc\u30c0\u30f3\u30b9\u5236\u5fa1\u3001\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u30a4\u30f3\u30c6\u30b0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001FR4\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3001\u96fb\u6c17\u7279\u6027\u3001\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3001\u4ee3\u66ff\u6750\u6599\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"502\" src=\"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-dielectric-constant.webp\" alt=\"FR4\u8a98\u96fb\u7387\" class=\"wp-image-7706\" srcset=\"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-dielectric-constant.webp 700w, https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-dielectric-constant-300x215.webp 300w, https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/FR4-dielectric-constant-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">FR4\u8a98\u96fb\u7387<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FR4\u7d20\u6750\u3068\u306f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ja\/cnc%e3%83%9e%e3%82%b7%e3%83%8b%e3%83%b3%e3%82%b0fr4\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"5328\">FR4 <\/a>\u306f\u3001\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u7e4a\u7dad\u5f37\u5316\u30a8\u30dd\u30ad\u30b7\u7a4d\u5c64\u677f\uff08Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Laminate\uff09\u3067\u3001\u96e3\u71c3\u6027\u6750\u6599\u306e\u5206\u985e\u306b\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u3002 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nema.org\/standards\/about-standards\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NEMA\u898f\u683c<\/a>.\u3053\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3067\u3001 <strong>FR<\/strong> \u306fFlame Retardant\uff08\u96e3\u71c3\u6027\uff09\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3002 <strong>4<\/strong> \u306fNEMA\u5206\u985e\u306e\u6750\u6599\u30b0\u30ec\u30fc\u30c9\u756a\u53f7\u3092\u8868\u3059\u3002FR4\u306f\u4e3b\u306b\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u7e4a\u7dad\u5e03\u3001\u30a8\u30dd\u30ad\u30b7\u6a39\u8102\u3001\u9285\u7b94\u5c64\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30b0\u30e9\u30b9\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30d0\u30fc\u306f\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u3068\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u5b89\u5b9a\u6027\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3001\u30a8\u30dd\u30ad\u30b7\u6a39\u8102\u306f\u63a5\u7740\u3068\u96fb\u6c17\u7d76\u7e01\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3001\u9285\u7b94\u306f\u5c0e\u96fb\u56de\u8def\u5c64\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u8907\u5408\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001FR4\u306f\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u9ad8\u3044\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u3001\u826f\u597d\u306a\u96fb\u6c17\u7d76\u7e01\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u71b1\u6027\u80fd\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u305d\u306e\u88fd\u9020\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306f\u6210\u719f\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u4f4e\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u56de\u8def\u57fa\u677f\u88fd\u9020\u306b\u5e83\u304f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30a8\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ed\u30cb\u30af\u30b9\u696d\u754c\u3067\u6700\u3082\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306aPCB\u57fa\u677f\u6750\u6599\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FR4-green-color-resin-glass-fiber-precision-part-10.webp\" alt=\"FR4\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u7e4a\u7dad\u6a39\u8102\u7cbe\u5bc6\u90e8\u54c1\" class=\"wp-image-5336\" style=\"width:700px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FR4-green-color-resin-glass-fiber-precision-part-10.webp 800w, https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FR4-green-color-resin-glass-fiber-precision-part-10-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FR4-green-color-resin-glass-fiber-precision-part-10-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FR4-green-color-resin-glass-fiber-precision-part-10-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FR4\u306e\u8a98\u96fb\u7387\u3068\u306f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>FR4\u306e\u8a98\u96fb\u7387\u306f\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u9593\u3067\u3059\u3002 <strong>4.2 - 4.8<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7570\u306a\u308b\u5468\u6ce2\u6570\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u306a\u5024\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u4fe1\u53f7\u5468\u6ce2\u6570<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">FR4 \u8a98\u96fb\u7387<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1 MHz<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">100 MHz<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1 GHz<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4.2 - 4.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">10 GHz<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4.0 - 4.3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>PCB\u8a2d\u8a08\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30cb\u30a2\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u3001FR4\u306e\u8a98\u96fb\u7387\uff08Dk\uff09\u3092\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002 <strong>\u7d044.4<\/strong> \u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3084\u8a2d\u8a08\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u5024\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30d4\u30fc\u30c0\u30f3\u30b9\u5236\u5fa1\u3084\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f1d\u642c\u901f\u5ea6\u306e\u63a8\u5b9a\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u5024\u306f\u3001\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u56de\u8def\u8a2d\u8a08\u306e\u8981\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001PCB\u306e\u914d\u7dda\u8a2d\u8a08\u3084\u30a4\u30f3\u30d4\u30fc\u30c0\u30f3\u30b9\u8a08\u7b97\u306b\u5e83\u304f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001FR4 \u306e\u8a98\u96fb\u7387\u306f\u56fa\u5b9a\u5024\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4fe1\u53f7\u5468\u6ce2\u6570\u3001\u6750\u6599\u914d\u5408\u3001\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u7e4a\u7dad\u3068\u6a39\u8102\u306e\u6bd4\u7387\u3001PCB\u88fd\u9020\u5de5\u7a0b\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u5909\u5316\u306a\u3069\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u306b\u3088\u308a\u5909\u5316\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u9ad8\u901f\u307e\u305f\u306f\u9ad8\u5468\u6ce2\u306ePCB\u8a2d\u8a08\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5909\u52d5\u304c\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u30a4\u30f3\u30c6\u30b0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30d4\u30fc\u30c0\u30f3\u30b9\u6574\u5408\u3001\u4f1d\u9001\u640d\u5931\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30cb\u30a2\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u6750\u6599\u30e1\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u304c\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\uff08Datasheet\uff09\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3001\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3068\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u3001\u3088\u308a\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u8a2d\u8a08\u3068\u6700\u9069\u5316\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FR4\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u96fb\u6c17\u7684\u7279\u6027<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8a98\u96fb\u7387\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u3001FR4\u306b\u306fPCB\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f1d\u9001\u6027\u80fd\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u3059\u308b\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u96fb\u6c17\u7684\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6563\u9038\u4fc2\u6570\uff08Df\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>FR4\u306e\u8a98\u96fb\u6b63\u63a5\uff08Df\uff09\u306f\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u9593\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002 <strong>0.017-0.025<\/strong>.\u6563\u9038\u4fc2\u6570\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u78c1\u754c\u3067\u6750\u6599\u304c\u5931\u3046\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u91cf\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5024\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u307b\u3069\u3001\u4f1d\u9001\u4e2d\u306e\u4fe1\u53f7\u6e1b\u8870\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001FR4\u306f\u4e2d\u30fb\u4f4e\u5468\u6ce2\u306e\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u56de\u8def\u3084\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u306b\u9069\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u9ad8\u5468\u6ce2\u3084RF\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30cb\u30a2\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u306e\u6e1b\u8870\u3092\u6291\u3048\u3001\u4f1d\u9001\u6027\u80fd\u3092\u5411\u4e0a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u3088\u308a\u640d\u5931\u306e\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u6750\u6599\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7d76\u7e01\u8010\u529b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>FR4\u306e\u7d76\u7e01\u8010\u529b\u306f\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u7d040.5mm\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002 <strong>20 kV\/mm<\/strong>\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6750\u6599\u304c\u96fb\u6c17\u7d76\u7e01\u7834\u58ca\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5358\u4f4d\u539a\u3055\u3042\u305f\u308a\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u9ad8\u3044\u96fb\u5727\u306b\u8010\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3002\u9ad8\u3044\u7d76\u7e01\u8010\u529b\u306f\u3001FR4\u306b\u96fb\u6c17\u7d76\u7e01\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u512a\u308c\u305f\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3001\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u7d76\u7e01\u6027\u80fd\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u96fb\u529b\u56de\u8def\u3001\u7523\u696d\u7528\u5236\u5fa1\u6a5f\u5668\u3001\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u96fb\u5b50\u90e8\u54c1\u306b\u9069\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u65ad\u71b1\u6027\u80fd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>FR4\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u9ad8\u3044\u4f53\u7a4d\u62b5\u6297\u7387\u3001\u9ad8\u3044\u8868\u9762\u62b5\u6297\u7387\u3001\u4f4e\u3044\u5438\u6c34\u7387\u306b\u53cd\u6620\u3055\u308c\u308b\u512a\u308c\u305f\u7d76\u7e01\u7279\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7279\u6027\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u74b0\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u3067\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u96fb\u6c17\u6027\u80fd\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002FR4\u306f\u3001\u6e7f\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u74b0\u5883\u3084\u6e29\u5ea6\u5909\u5316\u306e\u6fc0\u3057\u3044\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u6f0f\u96fb\u3084\u96fb\u6c17\u7684\u6545\u969c\u3092\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306b\u9632\u6b62\u3057\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u52d5\u4f5c\u3092\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u71b1\u7684\u30fb\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u7279\u6027<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u96fb\u6c17\u7279\u6027\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u3001FR4\u306f\u71b1\u5b89\u5b9a\u6027\u3068\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u3082\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u7e4a\u7dad\u3067\u88dc\u5f37\u3055\u308c\u305f\u69cb\u9020\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u3044\u69cb\u9020\u5f37\u5ea6\u3068\u5bf8\u6cd5\u5b89\u5b9a\u6027\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3001PCB\u306e\u88fd\u9020\u3001\u306f\u3093\u3060\u4ed8\u3051\u3001\u9577\u671f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u306b\u5f62\u72b6\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u540c\u6642\u306b\u3001FR4\u306f\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u8010\u71b1\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u71b1\u306b\u8010\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5bb6\u96fb\u3001\u7523\u696d\u6a5f\u5668\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\u7528\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u306a\u3069\u306b\u5e83\u304f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u8ee2\u79fb\u6e29\u5ea6\uff08Tg\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>FR4\u306e\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u8ee2\u79fb\u6e29\u5ea6\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5206\u985e\u3055\u308c\u308b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">FR4\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Tg\u6e29\u5ea6<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u6a19\u6e96FR4<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">130\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u30df\u30c3\u30c9Tg FR4<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">150\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u9ad8Tg FR4<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">170\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9ad8Tg FR4\u306f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u9ad8\u3044\u306f\u3093\u3060\u4ed8\u3051\u6e29\u5ea6\u306b\u8010\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u925b\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u306f\u3093\u3060\u4ed8\u3051PCB\u3084\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\u7528\u96fb\u5b50\u88fd\u54c1\u306b\u3088\u304f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u71b1\u81a8\u5f35\u4fc2\u6570\uff08CTE\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>FR4\u306e\u71b1\u81a8\u5f35\u4fc2\u6570\uff08CTE\uff09\u306f\u65b9\u5411\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3002X\/Y\u5e73\u9762\u3067\u306f\u7d04 <strong>11-15 ppm\/\u00b0C<\/strong>\u4e00\u65b9\u3001Z\u65b9\u5411\u306f <strong>50-70 ppm\/\u00b0C<\/strong>.CTE\u306f\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u5909\u5316\u6642\u306ePCB\u5bf8\u6cd5\u5b89\u5b9a\u6027\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u3059\u3002\u71b1\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u306f\u3093\u3060\u63a5\u5408\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u3001\u591a\u5c64PCB\u69cb\u9020\u5b89\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u88fd\u54c1\u5bff\u547d\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002CTE\u304c\u96fb\u5b50\u90e8\u54c1\u6750\u6599\u3068\u5927\u304d\u304f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u52a0\u71b1\u3068\u51b7\u5374\u3092\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3059\u9593\u306b\u5fdc\u529b\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3001PCB\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>FR4\u306f\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u9ad8\u3044\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u3068\u826f\u597d\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u5b89\u5b9a\u6027\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5f15\u5f35\u5f37\u5ea6\u306f\u901a\u5e38 <strong>300-400 MPa<\/strong>\u66f2\u3052\u5f37\u3055 <strong>400 MPa<\/strong>\u6750\u6599\u5bc6\u5ea6\u306f\u7d04 <strong>1.85 g\/cm\u00b3<\/strong>.\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7279\u6027\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001FR4\u306f\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u3084\u591a\u5c64PCB\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5b89\u5b9a\u6027\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u88fd\u9020\u3001\u7d44\u7acb\u3001\u9577\u671f\u904b\u7528\u6642\u306e\u5909\u5f62\u3084\u640d\u50b7\u306b\u5f37\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9ad8\u901fPCB\u8a2d\u8a08\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bFR4\u306e\u5f79\u5272<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u901a\u4fe1\u306e\u9ad8\u901f\u5316\u306b\u4f34\u3044\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u57fa\u677f\u8a2d\u8a08\u3067\u306f\u57fa\u677f\u6750\u6599\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8981\u6c42\u304c\u9ad8\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u9ad8\u901f\u56de\u8def\u3067\u306f\u3001FR4\u306e\u6750\u6599\u7279\u6027\u304c\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f1d\u642c\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30d4\u30fc\u30c0\u30f3\u30b9\u5236\u5fa1\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u6e1b\u8870\u3001\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30af\u3084\u4fe1\u53f7\u53cd\u5c04\u306b\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002PCB\u8a2d\u8a08\u304c\u6700\u9069\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u30a4\u30f3\u30c6\u30b0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3001\u30bf\u30a4\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3001\u96fb\u78c1\u5e72\u6e09\uff08EMI\uff09\u306a\u3069\u306e\u554f\u984c\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3001\u56de\u8def\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u5b89\u5b9a\u6027\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u56de\u8def\u8a2d\u8a08\u3067\u306f\u3001FR4\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u7684\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u6750\u6599\u7279\u6027\u3092\u5341\u5206\u306b\u8003\u616e\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FR4\u3068\u30a4\u30f3\u30d4\u30fc\u30c0\u30f3\u30b9\u5236\u5fa1\u8a2d\u8a08<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9ad8\u901fPCB\u8a2d\u8a08\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30d4\u30fc\u30c0\u30f3\u30b9\u5236\u5fa1\u306f\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u30a4\u30f3\u30c6\u30b0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u6280\u8853\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4f1d\u9001\u7dda\u8def\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30d4\u30fc\u30c0\u30f3\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 <strong>\u8a98\u96fb\u7387(Dk)\u3001PCB\u8a98\u96fb\u4f53\u539a\u3055(H)\u3001\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b9\u5e45(W)\u3001\u9285\u539a\u3055(T)<\/strong>.\u4fe1\u53f7\u306e\u4f1d\u642c\u901f\u5ea6\u306f\u5f0f\u3067\u8868\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><kbd>V = C \/ \u221aDk<\/kbd><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3069\u3053 <strong>C<\/strong> \u306f\u5149\u901f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002FR4\u306e\u8a98\u96fb\u7387\u306f\u304a\u3088\u305d <strong>4.4<\/strong>FR4\u6750\u3067\u306e\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f1d\u64ad\u901f\u5ea6\u306f\u7d04 <strong>\u5149\u901f\u306e50%<\/strong>.Altium Designer\u3084Cadence\u306a\u3069\u306ePCB\u8a2d\u8a08\u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u30a6\u30a7\u30a2\u304c\u30a4\u30f3\u30d4\u30fc\u30c0\u30f3\u30b9\u8a08\u7b97\u3084\u4fe1\u53f7\u30b7\u30df\u30e5\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u884c\u3046\u969b\u306b\u3001\u6b63\u78ba\u306aDk\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3082\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FR4-green-color-resin-glass-fiber-precision-part-5.webp\" alt=\"FR4\u7dd1\u8272\u30ac\u30e9\u30b9\u7e4a\u7dad\u6a39\u8102\u7cbe\u5bc6\u90e8\u54c1\" class=\"wp-image-5332\" style=\"width:700px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FR4-green-color-resin-glass-fiber-precision-part-5.webp 800w, https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FR4-green-color-resin-glass-fiber-precision-part-5-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FR4-green-color-resin-glass-fiber-precision-part-5-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FR4-green-color-resin-glass-fiber-precision-part-5-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FR4\u3068\u4ee3\u66ff\u6750\u6599\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9ad8\u5468\u6ce2\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u9ad8\u6e29\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30cb\u30a2\u306fFR4\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u4ed6\u306ePCB\u57fa\u677f\u6750\u6599\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u6750\u6599\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u3088\u308a\u4f4e\u3044\u8a98\u96fb\u7387\u307e\u305f\u306f\u3088\u308a\u4f4e\u3044\u4fe1\u53f7\u640d\u5931\u3092\u6709\u3057\u3001RF\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u4f1d\u9001\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7279\u6b8a\u306a\u74b0\u5883\u56de\u8def\u8a2d\u8a08\u306e\u8981\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u8853\u3068\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u306e\u6027\u80fd\u304c\u5411\u4e0a\u3059\u308b\u306b\u3064\u308c\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fdPCB\u6750\u6599\u306f\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u7528\u9014\u3067\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304d\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u7d20\u6750<\/th><th>\u8a98\u96fb\u7387<\/th><th>\u640d\u5931<\/th><th>\u7533\u3057\u8fbc\u307f<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>FR4<\/td><td>4.2-4.8<\/td><td>\u30df\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30e0<\/td><td>\u6a19\u6e96PCB<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u30ed\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30b9<\/td><td>3.2-3.5<\/td><td>\u4f4e\u3044<\/td><td>RF\u901a\u4fe1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PTFE<\/td><td>2.1<\/td><td>\u6975\u3081\u3066\u4f4e\u3044<\/td><td>\u30de\u30a4\u30af\u30ed\u6ce2\u56de\u8def<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u30e1\u30b0\u30c8\u30ed\u30f3<\/td><td>3.3<\/td><td>\u6975\u3081\u3066\u4f4e\u3044<\/td><td>\u9ad8\u901f\u901a\u4fe1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30ed\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30b9\u9ad8\u5468\u6ce2\u7d20\u6750<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rogersfoam.com\/materials\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u30ed\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30b9 <\/a>\u306f\u3001RF\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u57fa\u677f\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u4ee3\u66ff\u6750\u6599\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u8a98\u96fb\u7387\u306f <strong>3.2-3.5<\/strong> \u9ad8\u5468\u6ce2\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u3067\u3082\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u6027\u80fd\u3092\u767a\u63ee\u3057\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u306e\u6e1b\u8870\u3084\u4f1d\u9001\u640d\u5931\u3092\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306b\u4f4e\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u305d\u306e\u512a\u308c\u305f\u9ad8\u5468\u6ce2\u7279\u6027\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30ed\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30b9\u30fb\u30de\u30c6\u30ea\u30a2\u30eb\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u5e83\u304f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 <strong>5G\u901a\u4fe1\u6a5f\u5668\u3001\u30ec\u30fc\u30c0\u30fc\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3001\u885b\u661f\u901a\u4fe1\u56de\u8def<\/strong>.FR4\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9ad8\u3044\u5468\u6ce2\u6570\u5b89\u5b9a\u6027\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308bRF\u56de\u8def\u8a2d\u8a08\u306b\u9069\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">PTFE\uff08\u30dd\u30ea\u30c6\u30c8\u30e9\u30d5\u30eb\u30aa\u30ed\u30a8\u30c1\u30ec\u30f3\uff09\u7d20\u6750<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ja\/ptfe-cnc-%e5%8a%a0%e5%b7%a5%e3%83%a1%e3%83%bc%e3%82%ab%e3%83%bc\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4521\">PTFE <\/a>(\u30c6\u30d5\u30ed\u30f3\uff09\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u30de\u30a4\u30af\u30ed\u6ce2\u56de\u8def\u6750\u6599\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u7279\u6027\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308b\u3002 <strong>\u8a98\u96fb\u7387\u304c\u7d042.1\u3068\u4f4e\u304f\u3001\u8a98\u96fb\u6b63\u63a5\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/strong>\u9ad8\u5468\u6ce2\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30de\u30a4\u30af\u30ed\u6ce2\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f1d\u9001\u6027\u80fd\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070 <strong>RF\u56de\u8def\u3001\u30de\u30a4\u30af\u30ed\u6ce2\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u3001\u885b\u661f\u901a\u4fe1\u6a5f\u5668<\/strong>.\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001PTFE\u7d20\u6750\u306b\u306f <strong>\u88fd\u9020\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u9ad8\u304f\u3001\u52a0\u5de5\u304c\u96e3\u3057\u3044<\/strong>\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u306f\u30cf\u30a4\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u307e\u305f\u306f\u9ad8\u5468\u6ce2\u7528\u9014\u306b\u306e\u307f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30dd\u30ea\u30a4\u30df\u30c9\u7d20\u6750<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.azom.com\/article.aspx?ArticleID=19119\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u30dd\u30ea\u30a4\u30df\u30c9<\/a> \u3067\u4e3b\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 <strong>\u9ad8\u6e29\u56de\u8def\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30d5\u30ec\u30ad\u30b7\u30d6\u30eb\u56de\u8def<\/strong>\u9ad8\u6e29\u4e0b\u3067\u3082\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u96fb\u6c17\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u512a\u308c\u305f\u8010\u71b1\u6027\u3068\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u67d4\u8edf\u6027\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b <strong>\u30d5\u30ec\u30ad\u30b7\u30d6\u30eb\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u57fa\u677f\uff08FPC\uff09\u3001\u822a\u7a7a\u5b87\u5b99\u7528\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u3001\u9ad8\u6e29\u7523\u696d\u7528\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668<\/strong>.\u66f2\u3052\u52a0\u5de5\u3084\u9ad8\u6e29\u3067\u306e\u4f5c\u696d\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u88fd\u54c1\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30dd\u30ea\u30a4\u30df\u30c9\u306fFR4\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u4ee3\u66ff\u54c1\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9ad8\u901f\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30ebPCB\u6750\u6599\uff08\u30e1\u30b0\u30c8\u30ed\u30f3\uff0f\u30cd\u30eb\u30b3\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7d20\u6750\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002 <strong>\u30e1\u30b0\u30c8\u30ed\u30f3\u3001\u30cd\u30eb\u30b3\u3001\u30a4\u30bd\u30e9<\/strong> \u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u56de\u8def\u7528\u306b\u7279\u5225\u306b\u8a2d\u8a08\u3055\u308c\u305fPCB\u57fa\u677f\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7279\u9577\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 <strong>\u3088\u308a\u4f4e\u3044\u8a98\u96fb\u640d\u5931\u3068\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u8a98\u96fb\u7387<\/strong>\u9ad8\u901f\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f1d\u9001\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u30a4\u30f3\u30c6\u30b0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u5411\u4e0a\u3068\u6e1b\u8870\u306e\u4f4e\u6e1b\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u6750\u6599\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u5e83\u304f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 <strong>\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30fb\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u6a5f\u5668\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u901a\u4fe1\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0<\/strong>.PCIe\u3084\u9ad8\u901f\u30a4\u30fc\u30b5\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u9ad8\u901f\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u6280\u8853\u306e\u767a\u5c55\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30cf\u30a4\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u3067\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u306f\u5897\u52a0\u306e\u4e00\u9014\u3092\u305f\u3069\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>FR4\u306e\u5e45\u5e83\u3044\u7528\u9014\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u5229\u70b9\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002 <strong>\u4f4e\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u3001\u6210\u719f\u3057\u305f\u88fd\u9020\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3001\u5b89\u5b9a\u4f9b\u7d66<\/strong>\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u306f\u3044\u307e\u3060\u306bFR4\u6750\u6599\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FR4\u7d20\u6750\u304c\u652f\u3048\u308b\u52a0\u5de5\u6cd5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>FR4\u306f\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u3068\u5b89\u5b9a\u6027\u306b\u512a\u308c\u3001\u7cbe\u5bc6\u306a\u88fd\u9020\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ja\/cnc%e5%8a%a0%e5%b7%a5\/\">CNC\u52a0\u5de5<\/a><\/strong>\u30d5\u30e9\u30a4\u30b9\u52a0\u5de5\u3001\u7a74\u3042\u3051\u52a0\u5de5\u3001\u6e9d\u5165\u308c\u52a0\u5de5\u3001\u8f2a\u90ed\u5207\u524a\u52a0\u5de5\u306a\u3069\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u52a0\u5de5\u306f\u3001\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u57fa\u677f\u88fd\u9020\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001FR4\u7d76\u7e01\u57fa\u677f\u3084\u96fb\u5b50\u69cb\u9020\u90e8\u54c1\u306e\u52a0\u5de5\u306b\u3082\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PCB\u88fd\u9020\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001FR4\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3092\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u3002 <strong>\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7a74\u3042\u3051\u52a0\u5de5<\/strong> \u306a\u3069\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002 <strong>\u30b9\u30eb\u30fc\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\u3001\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u30d3\u30a2\u3001\u57cb\u8a2d\u30d3\u30a2<\/strong>.\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30ec\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u7a7f\u5b54\u3068\u30e1\u30bf\u30e9\u30a4\u30bc\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u56de\u8def\u5c64\u9593\u306e\u96fb\u6c17\u7684\u63a5\u7d9a\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>FR4\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u7528\u9014\u306b\u3082\u9069\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 <strong>\u591a\u5c64PCB\u30e9\u30df\u30cd\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9<\/strong>.\u88fd\u9020\u4e2d\u3001FR4\u30d7\u30ea\u30d7\u30ec\u30b0\u3068\u9285\u7b94\u306f\u9ad8\u6e29\u9ad8\u5727\u4e0b\u3067\u7a4d\u5c64\u3055\u308c\u3001\u591a\u5c64\u56de\u8def\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3001\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u306e\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u914d\u7dda\u8981\u4ef6\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001FR4 PCB\u306e\u56de\u8def\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002 <strong>\u5316\u5b66\u30a8\u30c3\u30c1\u30f3\u30b0\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9<\/strong>\u4f59\u5206\u306a\u9285\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u9664\u304d\u3001\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u56de\u8def\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306fPCB\u88fd\u9020\u306e\u4e2d\u6838\u5de5\u7a0b\u306e\u3072\u3068\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/weldo-machining-center-2.webp\" alt=\"\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u30c9\u30de\u30b7\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\" class=\"wp-image-7707\" style=\"width:700px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/weldo-machining-center-2.webp 800w, https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/weldo-machining-center-2-300x203.webp 300w, https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/weldo-machining-center-2-768x518.webp 768w, https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/weldo-machining-center-2-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u30c9\u30de\u30b7\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u30bb\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FR4 PCB\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u8868\u9762\u4ed5\u4e0a\u3052\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>PCB\u88fd\u9020\u5b8c\u4e86\u5f8c\u3001 <strong>\u8868\u9762\u4ed5\u4e0a\u3052<\/strong> \u306f\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u9285\u5c64\u3092\u4fdd\u8b77\u3057\u3001\u306f\u3093\u3060\u4ed8\u3051\u6027\u3092\u5411\u4e0a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002 <strong>HASL\uff08\u30db\u30c3\u30c8\u30a8\u30a2\u30fc\u30bd\u30eb\u30c0\u30fc\u30ec\u30d9\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\uff09<\/strong> \u306f\u3001\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u4f4e\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u306f\u3093\u3060\u4ed8\u3051\u6027\u304c\u826f\u3044\u4f1d\u7d71\u7684\u306a\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3060\u304c\u3001\u8868\u9762\u306e\u5e73\u5766\u5ea6\u306f\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u4f4e\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ENIG (\u7121\u96fb\u89e3\u30cb\u30c3\u30b1\u30eb\u6d78\u6f2c\u91d1\u5c5e)<\/strong> \u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b <strong>\u512a\u308c\u305f\u8868\u9762\u5e73\u5766\u6027\u3001\u5f37\u3044\u8010\u9178\u5316\u6027\u3001\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u306f\u3093\u3060\u4ed8\u3051\u6027\u80fd<\/strong>\u3067\u5e83\u304f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 <strong>\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6PCB\u3068\u30cf\u30a4\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u96fb\u5b50\u88fd\u54c1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>OSP\uff08\u6709\u6a5f\u306f\u3093\u3060\u4ed8\u3051\u6027\u4fdd\u5b58\u5264\uff09<\/strong> \u306f\u3001\u4fdd\u7ba1\u6642\u9593\u306f\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u77ed\u3044\u304c\u3001\u4f4e\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u5e73\u5766\u6027\u304c\u826f\u304f\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u512a\u3057\u3044\u8868\u9762\u51e6\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u52a0\u3048\u3066 <strong>\u7121\u96fb\u89e3\u9280\u3068\u7121\u96fb\u89e3\u932b<\/strong> \u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3082FR4\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u57fa\u677f\u3067\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4ed5\u4e0a\u3052\u306f\u3001\u826f\u597d\u306a\u5c0e\u96fb\u6027\u3068\u306f\u3093\u3060\u4ed8\u3051\u6027\u80fd\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u7528\u9014\u306b\u9069\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 <strong>\u9ad8\u901f\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30f3\u30d4\u30c3\u30c1\u56de\u8def\u8a2d\u8a08<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"626\" src=\"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fr4-precision-parts-application.webp\" alt=\"FR4\u7cbe\u5bc6\u90e8\u54c1\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\" class=\"wp-image-5349\" style=\"width:700px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fr4-precision-parts-application.webp 800w, https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fr4-precision-parts-application-300x235.webp 300w, https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fr4-precision-parts-application-768x601.webp 768w, https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fr4-precision-parts-application-15x12.webp 15w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FR4\u6750\u6599\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u306a\u7528\u9014<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>FR4\u306b\u306f <strong>\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u304c\u9ad8\u304f\u3001\u96fb\u6c17\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u304c\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u88fd\u9020\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u4f4e\u3044\u3002<\/strong>\u5bb6\u96fb\u88fd\u54c1\u304b\u3089\u7523\u696d\u6a5f\u5668\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\u7528\u96fb\u5b50\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u307e\u3067\u5e45\u5e83\u304f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30a8\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ed\u30cb\u30af\u30b9\u696d\u754c\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u5206\u91ce\u3092\u30ab\u30d0\u30fc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30b3\u30f3\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30de\u30fc\u30fb\u30a8\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ed\u30cb\u30af\u30b9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6c11\u751f\u7528\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u3067\u306f\u3001FR4\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u56de\u8def\u57fa\u677f\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 <strong>\u30b9\u30de\u30fc\u30c8\u30d5\u30a9\u30f3\u3001\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8\u30d1\u30bd\u30b3\u30f3\u3001\u30b9\u30de\u30fc\u30c8\u30db\u30fc\u30e0\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9<\/strong>.\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u88fd\u54c1\u306f\u3001FR4\u304c\u63d0\u4f9b\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3001\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u6291\u3048\u3001\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u6027\u80fd\u3092\u6301\u3064PCB\u6750\u6599\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7523\u696d\u7528\u30a8\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ed\u30cb\u30af\u30b9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7523\u696d\u7528\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u3067\u306f\u3001FR4 \u306f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7528\u9014\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 <strong>PLC\u5236\u5fa1\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3001\u30d1\u30ef\u30fc\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30e1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u6a5f\u5668\u306e\u56de\u8def\u57fa\u677f<\/strong>.\u7523\u696d\u7528\u6a5f\u5668\u306f\u3001\u9577\u671f\u9593\u306e\u5b89\u5b9a\u52d5\u4f5c\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3001FR4\u306e\u512a\u308c\u305f\u7d76\u7e01\u6027\u3068\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u306f\u3001\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u7523\u696d\u74b0\u5883\u3067\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30ab\u30fc\u30a8\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ed\u30cb\u30af\u30b9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\u7528\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u3067\u306f\u3001FR4\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u7528\u9014\u306b\u5e83\u304f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 <strong>ECU\u5236\u5fa1\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3001\u8eca\u8f09\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30a9\u30c6\u30a4\u30f3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3001ADAS\u30bb\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb<\/strong>.\u30ab\u30fc\u30a8\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ed\u30cb\u30af\u30b9\u304c\u62e1\u5927\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u306b\u3064\u308c\u3001\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u305fPCB\u6750\u6599\u3078\u306e\u9700\u8981\u304c\u9ad8\u307e\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001FR4\u306f\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u3068\u6027\u80fd\u306e\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u53d6\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5168\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e <strong>\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u512a\u4f4d\u6027\u3001\u6210\u719f\u3057\u305f\u88fd\u9020\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3001\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u6027\u80fd<\/strong>FR4\u306f\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066PCB\u696d\u754c\u3067\u6700\u3082\u5e83\u304f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u57fa\u677f\u6750\u6599\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6982\u8981<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>FR4\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ed\u30cb\u30af\u30b9\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u754c\u3067\u6700\u3082\u5e83\u304f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308bPCB\u57fa\u677f\u6750\u6599\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u8a98\u96fb\u7387\u306f\u901a\u5e38 <strong>4.2-4.8<\/strong>\u307e\u305f\u3001\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u3001\u96fb\u6c17\u7d76\u7e01\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u71b1\u5b89\u5b9a\u6027\u306b\u3082\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9ad8\u5468\u6ce2\u7528\u9014\u3067\u306f\u591a\u5c11\u306e\u4fe1\u53f7\u640d\u5931\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001FR4\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u96fb\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u3068\u6027\u80fd\u306e\u9762\u3067\u30d0\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u3068\u308c\u305f\u6750\u6599\u9078\u629e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5909\u308f\u308a\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u9ad8\u901fPCB\u8a2d\u8a08\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30cb\u30a2\u306f\u3001\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u56de\u8def\u52d5\u4f5c\u3092\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u8a98\u96fb\u7387\u306e\u5909\u52d5\u3001\u6750\u6599\u640d\u5931\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30d4\u30fc\u30c0\u30f3\u30b9\u5236\u5fa1\u3001\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u30a4\u30f3\u30c6\u30b0\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u306a\u3069\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>fr4\u306e\u8a73\u7d30\u307e\u305f\u306f\u52a0\u5de5\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u898b\u7a4d\u3082\u308a\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002 <a href=\"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ja\/%e3%81%8a%e5%95%8f%e3%81%84%e5%90%88%e3%82%8f%e3%81%9b\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"14\">\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8<\/a> \u79c1\u305f\u3061\u3068\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>FR4 is one of the most widely used PCB substrate materials due to its good mechanical strength, stable electrical performance, and low cost. In PCB design, the FR4 dielectric constant (Dk) is a key factor affecting signal propagation, impedance control, and signal integrity. This article explains the structure, electrical properties, applications, and alternative materials of FR4. What is FR4 Material FR4 is a glass fiber reinforced epoxy laminate (Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Laminate) and belongs to the flame-retardant material classification in the NEMA standard. In this name, FR stands for Flame Retardant, while 4 represents the material grade number in the NEMA classification. FR4 mainly consists of fiberglass cloth, epoxy [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5394,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7705","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7705","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7705"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7705\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7708,"href":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7705\/revisions\/7708"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5394"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7705"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7705"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/weldomachining.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7705"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}